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6.27.2008

Nausicaa of the Valley of Wind

I wrote a paper in college that outlined a theme common to the works of Hayao Miyazaki:

(1) Miyazaki presents images of nature that are ambiguous on the surface but idealized overall (e.g. a forest that appears hostile but provides aesthetic and salutory value).
(2) Miyazaki directly links the natural to the supernatural (e.g. forests are gateways to actual supernatural realms).
(3) Miyazaki uses imagery to draw a stark contrast between idealized nature and the natural decay inherent to industrialization (e.g. using a tree as a positive symbol and a smokestack as a negative one; crafting battles between natural forces and industrial weaponry).
(4) Miyazaki recognizes the central role of industry in modern society (e.g. implying the degradation of natural worlds by virtue of imagined pre- or post-industrial society).
(5) Miyazaki establishes the natural, and by extension the supernatural, as a psychological escape from the degradation of industry.

While there are many other essential and near-essential elements to Miyazaki films (e.g. empowered young female protagonists, flying), this environmental reading is perhaps the most central to Miyazaki's films. Nausicaa fits this environmental theme in a manner that feels somehow distinct from Miyazaki's other films, which range in terms of the optimism of their tone and the specific instances of the thematic elements outlined above.

Nausicaa is princess of a small valley community on the outskirts of a toxic forest in a post-industrial earth. At the start of the film, neighboring communities are warring with one another (and soon afterward with Nausicaa's own community), fighting over an apocalyptic power that the communities will allegedly use to wipe out the toxic forest and save humanity. Nausicaa has studied the ecology of the toxic forest and determined that it is actually a filtering system for thousand-year-old human pollutants. Nausicaa and her opponents all recognize that the toxic forest is guarded by huge insects who, when provoked, fly into unstoppable rages. This story plays out as an ecological cautionary tale: humans try to destroy things that they think threaten their best interests, and in the process end up very nearly destroying themselves.

Andy notes that the characters explain everything in great detail, which is likely necessary not only because this is a movie with a target audience at least partly comprised of children, but also because Miyazaki's films often have didactic elements that Miyazaki is not shy of exposing. Andy also notes that "some of the images are haunting/thrilling, if not as technically impressive as the later stuff." I agree wholeheartedly--Miyazaki clearly had not come into his own as an animator yet, and although some of the images are quite stunning, Miyazaki's best art was (and hopefully still is) yet to come. Undoubtedly technology has helped with this aspect of Miyazaki's films, but so, I think, has experience. Finally, Andy notes that the Miyazaki seems to nod to Star Wars in the design of his spacecraft, which leads me to the entirely different yet related note that Nausicaa's recent English voiceover includes Mark Hamill in its cast (as well as Patrick Stewart, Uma Thurman, Edward James Olmos, and Shia LaBeouf).

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Blogger Andy said...

I watched Spirited Away and Howl's Moving Castle in college and Princess Mononoke possibly back in 2001. NausicaƤ is more limited to the material world (albeit populated by material beings as bizarre as the Giant Warriors) and possibly starker than those others, although none are particularly happy.

Also, when Lord Yupa rides into the valley, I couldn't help but think of the beginning of Fellowship of the Ring when Gandalf greets the inhabitants of the Shire.

Perhaps I would have more or different things to say after seeing Totoro next month, but as of right now I'm more struck by the kindness of his heroines and heroes, and the importance of unselfish and compassionate behavior, perhaps such that if the underlying causes--greed and lust for power--were to be eliminated, the ugliness in the world up to and including the horrendous ecological destruction he depicts would eventually heal or disappear. In other words, based on what I've seen I could imagine a Miyazaki film (as we're discussing them here) featuring conflicts that weren't explicitly related to the natural environment, but I could not imagine one in which that conflict was resolved in a different fashion.

Then again I've only seen a little bit of his oeuvre, four out of nine (soon to be ten) features and none of his television work, so this is just speculation.

3:13 AM, June 28, 2008  

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